These movements are produced by the collisions of tectonic plates . The collision releases energy as the crust materials are reorganized to regain mechanical equilibrium.
One of the main causes of earthquakes is the deformation of the rocks continues an active fault, which release their accumulated potential energy and produce great tremors. Volcanic processes, slope movements and subsidence of karst cavities can also generate earthquakes. Earthquakes are becoming more common even in unlikely are so its good to know how to save yourself from an earthquake and new advice .
What to do before an earthquake?
- Anticipate danger by identifying high risk sites in your home, school or workplace.
- Secure the wall, heavy objects that can fall and injure people, for this you can use plastic straps, ropes, nails or screws properly installed.
- Gather your family to define in a participatory way the emergency plan in case of an earthquake, as well as the routes for evacuation of the house.
- Make sure you know the location and how to close the water, gas and where to cut electricity.
- Always keep your emergency package ready with a first aid kit, radio and batteries with spare, flashlight and whistle, food and water reserve, frequently checking the expiration date and its condition and a plastic for the outdoors.
What to do after an earthquake?
- Check the status of your home or place of work before reentering. If you notice cracks, slanted walls, or crackling or breaking noises, do not enter until your home has been checked by expert personnel.
- Interrupts gas, water and electricity services as soon as possible.
- Gather your relatives in a safe place.
- If you find yourself trapped, notify by screams, noises, whistles or if possible through your cell phone.
- Check if phones or cell phones are working, and only use them for short periods.
- If you are able to do so, apply first aid to the injured in your family, work group or neighbors.
- Make a list of the resources that you have in your community for the safety of all.
In conclusion to be well in each drill we have to follow the evacuation instructions and make an emergency backpack with food, water and a first aid kit. Curious fact: The strong earthquake in history occurred in South America in 1960 in Chile, Valdivia with a grade of 9.5, affecting countries off the coast of South America and leaving 2 million dead.
In Peru the strongest earthquake was in 1760 in the city of Ancash leaving 67 thousand deaths.